👆扫码咨询2024年新航道秋季班👆
September 30, 2024
本期作者：王瑜
2024年9月28日雅思大作文题目
Historical objects in museums all over the world should be returned to their country of origin. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
世界各地博物馆的历史文物应归还原籍国。你在多大程度上同意或不同意?
范文及解析
Introduction
From Vatican Museum to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, they offer a glimpse into the history and culture of humanity, with collection from all corners of the globe. Yet, this access has been under scrutiny; a demand for repatriation continues unabated.
解析
本段译文(translation)：
毫无疑问，从梵蒂冈博物馆到纽约大都会艺术博物馆，它们提供了对人类历史和文化的一瞥，因为其收藏来自世界各地。然而，这种途径受到越来越多质疑，伴随遣返的要求有增无减。
不太常见的词汇(less common lexical items)：
❖ Vatican Museum 梵蒂冈博物馆：位于梵蒂冈城内，由罗马梵蒂冈大道（Viale Vaticano）可达。梵蒂冈博物馆的藏品是多个世纪以来罗马天主教会收集、积累的成果。博物馆于1984年作为梵蒂冈城一部分被列入世界文化遗产。
❖ Metropolitan Museum of Art 大都会艺术博物馆：位于美国纽约州纽约市曼哈顿中央公园旁，是世界上最大的、参观人数最多的艺术博物馆之一。主建筑物面积约有8公顷，展出面积有20多公顷。馆藏超过二百万件艺术品，整个博物馆被划分为十七个馆部。
❖ offer a glimpse into 提供一瞥，让人们能够看到或了解某个事物的一部分或方面。
❖ be under scrutiny 接受细察
❖ repatriation n. 遣送回国；调回本国
❖ unabated adj. 不减弱的，不衰退的
Body paragraph 1
Arguments for returning foreign relics abound, notably the sordid history of looting and pillaging them. For example, it is estimated that over 90% of Africa-origin property is housed in museums in France, Austria, Germany and Belgium. Also illegally traded were Maori’s ancestral human remains, which are resided in museums based in Germany. Rather than being an archeological specimen for research, these cultural treasures hold immense religious and sacred significance for indigenous people. In other words, keeping them in the place where they were made is akin to restitution of cultural heritage, which holds sway for rekindling previous memories. Without this collective memory, whether be in the form of wooden war gods or engraved stone panels, future generation will in all probability be left bereft, being locked in a battle for unique national identity. Returning these treasures back is also a gesture of goodwill, which is perfectly illustrated by Metropolitan Museum of Art’s return of Khmer sculptures to Cambodia and Thailand. This has ultimately advanced open dialogues on other cultural cooperation and understanding.
解析
本段译文(translation)：
关于归还外国文物的争论比比皆是，尤其是掠夺和掠夺这些文物的肮脏历史。例如，据估计，法国、奥地利、德国和比利时的博物馆中收藏了90%以上的非洲遗产。同样被非法交易的还有毛利人祖先的遗骸，这些遗骸被保存在德国的博物馆里。这些文化宝藏对土著人民来说具有巨大的宗教和神圣意义，而不是仅仅作为研究的考古标本。换句话说，将它们保存在创造它们的地方类似于丢失文化遗产的恢复，这对重新点燃以前的记忆起着重要作用。没有这种集体记忆，无论是木制战神还是石刻板，当地后代很可能会失去这种记忆，陷入一场民族认同之战。归还这些珍宝也是一种善意姿态，大都会艺术博物馆将高棉雕塑归还给柬埔寨和泰国就完美地说明了这一点。这最终推动了其他文化合作与理解的公开对话。
不太常见的词汇(less common lexical items)：
❖ relics A relic is something which was made or used a long time ago and which is kept for its historical significance. 纪念物
❖ abound v. 大量存在，有许多；富于，盛产
❖ sordid adj. 肮脏的；卑鄙的；利欲熏心的；色彩暗淡的
❖ looting and pillaging 抢劫和掠夺：指在战争、暴乱或灾难等情况下，破坏性地抢夺财物和掠夺资源的行为。
❖ housed 保存/放置
❖ Maori’s ancestral human remains 毛利人祖先的遗骸
❖ Resided 保存/放置
❖ Immense 巨大的
❖ religious and sacred significance 宗教和神圣的意义
❖ akin to 同类，近似
❖ restitution 恢复；赔偿；归还
❖ holds sway for 对……有影响力或控制力：指某人或某事物对某个领域或某个人有着很大的影响力或控制力。
❖ rekindle 使重新活跃；使复苏
❖ collective memory 集体记忆：指保存在一个群体的多个成员的记忆中的共享信息池。
❖ wooden war gods 木制战神
❖engraved 被雕刻的（engrave）
❖ bereft adj. 丧失的；被剥夺的；失去亲人的
❖ a gesture of goodwill 善意的姿态：一种表达友好和善意的行为或举动。通常用于表示愿意与他人合作、帮助或解决问题。
❖ advance 推动v.
❖ Khmer n. 高棉：是东南亚中南半岛的一个印度教-佛教帝国。这个国家是今日柬埔寨的前身，现代高棉人以“柬埔寨”（កម្ពុជា）或“高棉国”（ស្រុកខ្មែរ）来称呼自己的国家。
❖ open dialogues 开展对话
Body paragraph 2
However, there is also opposition from curators who worry that war-torn nations are ill-equipped to display and store these delicate and breakable artifacts; in addition, they are concerned about the potential illegal trade of cultural property in areas where pilferage is rampant. According to them, one’s understanding of cultural heritage could be enhanced by having a beguiling and eclectic visiting experience in state-of-the-art museums, by either a full-size replica or engaging activities. But in the majority of nations, this improvement in display has become standard, dispelling the purported worries. The financial loss of the museums that display the stolen artifacts is another argument against the proposal to disband the collection. But again, it is defiling to reap a bonanza from showcasing creations by progenitors of other ethnicities.
解析
本段译文(translation)：
然而，也有来自策展人的反对，他们担心饱受战争蹂躏的国家没有足够的设备来展示和储存这些脆弱易碎的文物;此外，他们还担心在盗窃活动猖獗的地区可能存在非法交易文化财产的行为。根据他们的说法，一个人对文化遗产的理解可以通过在最先进的博物馆里进行一次迷人而兼收不蓄的参观体验来增强，无论是通过全尺寸的复制品还是体验式活动。但在大多数国家，这种展示的改进已经成为标准，消除了此种担忧。展示被盗文物的博物馆所遭受的经济损失是反对解散藏品提议的另一个理由。但是，从展示其他种族的祖先的作品中获得财富实则是一种玷污。
不太常见的词汇(less common lexical items)：
❖ curators n．馆长，策展人：负责管理博物馆、美术馆、图书馆等文化机构的收藏品和展览的专业人员。
❖ war-torn adj. （地方）受战争破坏的
❖ ill-equipped 设备不足：缺乏必要的设备或资源，无法胜任某项任务或应对某种情况。
❖ delicate and breakable 脆弱易碎的
❖ cultural property 文化财产：具有文化、历史、艺术、宗教或科学价值的物质和非物质财产，包括建筑物、遗址、艺术品、手稿、书籍、考古遗物、民间传统、语言、习俗等。
❖ pilferage n. 偷盗，行窃；赃物
❖ rampant ( of sth bad 坏事 ) existing or spreading everywhere in a way that cannot be controlled 泛滥的；猖獗的
❖ beguiling and eclectic 迷人的/兼收并蓄的；不拘一格的
❖ state-of-the-art museums 最先进的博物馆
❖ a full-size replica 全尺寸复制品
❖ dispel v. 驱散，消除（尤指感觉或信仰）
❖ purported 据称的；传言的
❖ disband vt. 解散；遣散
❖ defiling 亵渎的；弄脏的；污损的
❖ reap a bonanza 获得财富/ bonanza n. 富矿带；带来好运之事；幸运
❖ progenitors 先辈/祖先
Conclusion
In summary, museums can contribute to the perpetuation of past colonial damages even though they provide access to time-honored treasures through artistic expression. To remedy this, returning them to their origin owners is the only way.
解析
本段译文(translation)：
总而言之，尽管博物馆通过艺术表达提供了接触历史悠久的宝藏的途径，但它们仍可能有助于延续过去的殖民损害。要解决这个问题，唯一的办法就是将它们归还原主。
不太常见的词汇(less common lexical items)：
❖ perpetuation 延续/持续n.
❖ colonial damages 殖民破坏n.
❖ time-honored 历史悠久的
❖ artistic expression 艺术化表达