顶科协奖今起将掀学术风暴，新晋得主以科学方式打开上海

浦江科学大师讲坛

2024世界顶尖科学家协会奖获奖者

复旦大学报告专场

 时间：10月21日8:45-12:00 

演讲摘要：

Algorithms and data play central roles in large computing systems, and they have evolved over the past several decades in a kind of symbiosis with each other: modern algorithms are often trained on massive amounts of data, and in turn they power systems that produce further kinds of data. As these developments have progressed, algorithms have come to play crucial roles in decisions with important societal dimensions, in both online settings and in everyday life. We will survey some of the specific ways in which algorithms interact with data from the world, discussing how these processes differ from the ways in which humans interact with the world, and how these differences have implications for the use of algorithms in high-stakes decisions.

演讲摘要： 

The genes that code for the light sensing receptors that mediate human color vision provide a fascinating window onto the evolution of visual systems across many species, as well as onto present-day variation in color vision ability within our own species. Studying these genes has also revealed unexpected regulatory mechanisms that allow for the rapid acquisition of a new dimension color vision in those species that have more limited forms of color vision. Additionally, the X-chromosome location of two of the visual receptor genes provides an opportunity for greater complexity within the visual system of females compared to males. The data suggest that sex differences of this type may extend to other parts of the brain.

演讲摘要：（略）

“WLA顶尖科学家校园行”

世界顶尖科学家协会奖

获奖者面对面

演讲摘要：

Many of the most widely-used algorithms are fundamentally concerned with building models of human users from these users' observed behavior. Traditional approaches to this problem rely on an often unstated revealed-preference assumption: that choice reveals preference. Yet a long line of work in psychology and behavioral economics reveals the gaps that can open up between choice and preference, and experience with platform dynamics makes clear how these gaps can arise in some of the most basic online settings; for example, we might choose content to consume in the present and then later regret the time we spent on it. More generally, behavioral biases and inconsistent preferences make it highly challenging to appropriately interpret the user data that we observe. We discuss a set of models and algorithms that address this challenge through a process of "inversion", in which an algorithm must try inferring goals and preferences that are not directly measured in the data.

演讲摘要：（略）

演讲摘要：

During development, the central nervous system (CNS) vasculature grows to precisely meet the metabolic demands of neurons and glia. In addition, most of the CNS vasculature acquires a unique set of molecular and cellular properties – collectively referred to as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) – that minimize passive diffusion of molecules between the blood and the CNS parenchyma. An analogous system in the retina is referred to as the blood-retina barrier. Both processes are controlled by signals that originate in neurons and glia. A unifying feature of angiogenesis and BBB formation and maintenance throughout the CNS is their dependence on beta-catenin signaling (also called canonical Wnt signaling), with Wnt7a and Wnt7b serving as the dominant ligands in the brain and spinal cord, and Norrin serving as the dominant ligand in the retina. In contrast to CNS angiogenesis, development of the peripheral vasculature is largely independent of beta-catenin signaling. This lecture will describe some of the experiments that serve as the foundation for our current understanding of CNS vascular development and maintenance, and the connections between this work and human disease.

演讲摘要：（略）

演讲摘要：（略）

演讲嘉宾：

Jon KLEINBERG

演讲主题：

Choices and Consequences in Computing

演讲嘉宾：

Jeremy NATHANS

演讲主题：

Advice for Citizens of the 21st Century

演讲摘要：（略）